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<p>2:xpath或者css选择器语法</p>
<p>3:逻辑处理能力</p>
<h1 id="教程目标站点"><a href="#教程目标站点" class="headerlink" title="教程目标站点"></a>教程目标站点</h1><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://lab.scrapyd.cn/">http://lab.scrapyd.cn/</a></p>
<h1 id="一：创建一个scrapy项目"><a href="#一：创建一个scrapy项目" class="headerlink" title="一：创建一个scrapy项目"></a>一：创建一个scrapy项目</h1><p>1:scrapy创建命令</p>
<p>命令控制台输入</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scrapy startproject scrapyd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>scrapy startproject是固定命令 scrapyd是爬虫项目的名称用来启动爬虫的<br>2：目录结构</p>
<p><img src="%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0.png" alt="目录结构"></p>
<p>scrapy.cfg：爬虫项目的配置文件。</p>
<p><strong>init</strong>.py：爬虫项目的初始化文件，用来对项目做初始化工作。</p>
<p>items.py：爬虫项目的数据容器文件，用来定义要获取的数据。</p>
<p>pipelines.py：爬虫项目的管道文件，用来对items中的数据进行进一步的加工处理。</p>
<p>settings.py：爬虫项目的设置文件，包含了爬虫项目的设置信息。</p>
<p>middlewares.py：爬虫项目的中间件文件。</p>
<h1 id="二：创建一个scrapy蜘蛛文件"><a href="#二：创建一个scrapy蜘蛛文件" class="headerlink" title="二：创建一个scrapy蜘蛛文件"></a>二：创建一个scrapy蜘蛛文件</h1><p>1：创建蜘蛛</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scrapy genspider mie lab.scrapyd.cn</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B.png" alt="创建蜘蛛"></p>
<p>这里我们已经成功创建了一个scrapy蜘蛛文件，我们把mie.py里面的<code>start_urls</code>改一下，改成<code>http://lab.scrapyd.cn/page/1/</code>让我们从这个网址开始爬取网站的数据，所有的爬虫逻辑就都写在这个python文件里面。</p>
<h1 id="三：编写爬虫"><a href="#三：编写爬虫" class="headerlink" title="三：编写爬虫"></a>三：编写爬虫</h1><p>下面我们看这个爬虫例子</p>
<p><img src="%E6%A0%B9%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9.png" alt="根蜘蛛"></p>
<p>1：爬取网页上的内容其实也就是定位网页上的元素获取标签上的内容，代码第11行用xpath定位<code>id=&quot;main&quot;</code>的<code>&lt;div&gt;</code>标签下的所有的<code>div</code>标签<br>2：遍历所有元素，取出子元素，在进行xpath对要爬取的内容进行定位<br>3：输出爬取内容</p>
<h1 id="四-下一页并回调"><a href="#四-下一页并回调" class="headerlink" title="四:下一页并回调"></a>四:下一页并回调</h1><p><img src="%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.png" alt="完整爬虫"></p>
<p>1：定位下一页元素</p>
<p>取出href的下一页的地址使用urljoin函数得到相对路径，如：page/1转换为绝对路径，其实也就是加上网站域名，如：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://lab.scrapyd.cn/page/1%EF%BC%9B">http://lab.scrapyd.cn/page/1；</a></p>
<p>2：设置回调</p>
<p>在request里面的callback参数里设置回调</p>
<h1 id="五-shell模式"><a href="#五-shell模式" class="headerlink" title="五:shell模式"></a>五:shell模式</h1><p>每次的xpath调试都极为麻烦，不能每次调试一次就运行一下爬虫吧，scrapy框架为我们提供了一个非常方便的调试模式叫做shell模式</p>
<p>1：进入scrapy 的 shell模式<br>cmd输入</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scrapy shell http:&#x2F;&#x2F;lab.scrapyd.cn&#x2F;page&#x2F;1&#x2F;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个是用shell模式打开网址</p>
<p>2：shell模式优点</p>
<p>shell模式的优点在哪里呢？进入shell模式打开的网址后，你就能直接定位元素的位置了在shell模式中，可以用xpath定位也可以用css选择器定位，总之一般写爬虫都是用shell模式定好元素的位置，然后直接写在爬虫里面，极大的方便爬虫的编写。</p>
<p><img src="%E7%88%AC%E8%99%ABshell%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.png" alt="爬虫shell模式"></p>
<h1 id="六：json模式输出"><a href="#六：json模式输出" class="headerlink" title="六：json模式输出"></a>六：json模式输出</h1><p>直接上图吧</p>
<p><img src="json%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA.png" alt="json输出"></p>
<p>yield里面是一个json，当你运行</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scrapy runspider mie.py -o name.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个命令的时候，会在同文件夹下，生成一个name.json的json文件，文件里面就是yield跳出的json内容</p>
<h1 id="常用scrapy命令"><a href="#常用scrapy命令" class="headerlink" title="常用scrapy命令"></a>常用scrapy命令</h1><p>1:名称启动爬虫</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scrapy crawl name</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2：名称启动爬虫json跳出</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scrapey crawl name -o name.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>3：单独文件启动</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scrapy runspider mie.py -o name.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr>
<p>如果本文对你有巨大的帮助的话，可以在下面打赏一包辣条哦！不甚感激💗</p>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">小魂</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://shark-yun.gitee.io/blog/2020/01/16/scrapy%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/scrapy%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/">https://shark-yun.gitee.io/blog/2020/01/16/scrapy%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/scrapy%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://shark-yun.gitee.io/blog" target="_blank">博客</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/blog/tags/scrapy/">scrapy</a></div><div 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class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#scrapy%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%85%B7%E5%A4%87%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">scrapy简单爬虫需要具备的知识</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E7%AB%99%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">教程目标站点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AAscrapy%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">一：创建一个scrapy项目</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AAscrapy%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">二：创建一个scrapy蜘蛛文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%9A%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">三：编写爬虫</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%9B-%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E9%A1%B5%E5%B9%B6%E5%9B%9E%E8%B0%83"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">四:下一页并回调</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%94-shell%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">五:shell模式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%AD%EF%BC%9Ajson%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">六：json模式输出</span></a></li><li class="toc-item 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